Commitment in Organizations
The sociologist Etzioni argues that commitmentâ€â€?and the authority that organizations have over membersâ€â€?is rooted in the nature of employee involvement in the organization. Involvement takes one of three forms, ranging from total commitment to no commitment at all. Moral involvement, based on positive and intense orientation to the organization, results from internalization of the organization’s values, goals, and norms. Calculative involvement is less intense and rests on an exchange relationship between the individual and the organization. People become committed to an organization to the extent that they perceive some beneficial or equitable exchange relationship. Alienative involvement is a lack of commitment, occurring when members feel constrained by circumstances to belong to the organization but do not identify with it.
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Eric Raymond